Normal human cells have 23 pairs (so 46 chromosomes each). The exceptions?
– sperm & egg cells (which have 23 each, so that they combine to make 46)
– some genetic disorders.
— For instance, people with Down’s syndrome have 47 chromosomes — Down’s syndrome is caused by having 3 copies of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal 2 copies.
— Females with Turner’s syndrome have 45 chromosomes: they have just one X chromosome instead of two.
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